GUIDELINES FOR PLOT DEVELOPMENT IN THE EMPLOYEE PLOT GARDEN
In order to correct, the most rational and in line with the POD regulations for the development of plots, the PZD Council issued "Guidelines for the development and modernization of plots in permanent employee allotment gardens” [30]. According to these guidelines, the plot should be rectangular, the shorter side adjacent to the garden alley. The plot may be equipped with the following devices:
1) altanę;
2) general or own water intake, in the form of an abyssinian well;
3) a frame with an area not exceeding 9 m2;
4) foil tunnels up to 2 m and an area not exceeding 20 % plot area;
5) greenhouse up to 2 m and an area not exceeding 20 m2 without fixed heating appliances, however, the total area of greenhouses and plastic tunnels may not exceed 20% plot area (these devices should be located at a distance of at least 1 m from the border of the neighbor and 2 m from the garden alley;
6) a water tank for watering water or for the cultivation of certain ornamental plants; its area must not exceed 3 m2;
7) pergolas, trusses, flower walls, rockeries and benches, table, sandbox, a swing;
8) rabbit cages, placed at a distance of at least 3 m from the border of the plot in a less visible place, sheltered, they should form an architectural whole with a gazebo;
9) 2-3 ule;
10) fence from the garden alley to the height 1 m, however, it may be performed only with the consent of the garden management; the same material and workmanship as for the entire plot area applies.
In the new garden, the agrotechnical development of the plot must take place in a timely manner 3 months from the date of its receipt, excluding the winter period. In the first year after receiving the plot, in the case of poor soils, it is advisable to sow plants, which will be used as green manure, np.: lupine, vetch, seradeli. Planting permanent plants on the plot should take place overnight 2 years from the date of its receipt.
By commencing the permanent development of the plot, you should make yourself its- situational plan, taking into account the provisions of the POD Regulations and the above-mentioned guidelines of the National Council of the PZD. The main thing to consider when developing a plan is the purpose, what plot is to be used for (utility, recreational), likes and dislikes, and then the climatic conditions (in the north of the country, vegetation begins around 2 weeks later, and not all horticultural plant species succeed, especially in the north-eastern regions) and soil, requirements of individual plant species, which we want to cultivate.
It is recommended to develop plots of land, the so-called. accommodation system, consisting in the designation of separate areas for the cultivation of fruit trees, vegetables and ornamental plants. This system is designed to provide all groups of plants grown on the plot with the best growing and yielding conditions, and also facilitates the cultivation and the performance of plant protection treatments against diseases and pests.
The orchard quarters should be situated on the plot like this, that it has the best climatic and cultivation conditions (usually on the north side), on the other hand, the part of the plot which is best exposed to sunlight should be designated for the cultivation of vegetables and ornamental plants (on the south side). The orchard quarters usually consist of a part intended for the cultivation of fruit trees and parts, in which fruit bushes are grown. It is advisable to combine strawberries and wild strawberries with vegetables, due to the need for alternating cultivation (these plants should not grow longer than 2-3 years). Fruit trees and shrubs should be selected from the varieties recommended for allotment and home gardens. When planting them, it is necessary to observe the distance from the boundaries of the plot, specified in the POD regulations, namely for:
a) apple and pear trees on vigorously growing rootstocks, which, in principle, should not be planted on the plot, and plums, apricots and hazel – 3 m;
b) apple and pear trees on weakly growing rootstocks, and cherries, peaches and quinces – 2 m;
c) gooseberry, currants, grapevines, raspberries and blackberries – 1 m;
d) walnuts and cherries, which take up a lot of space, (about 100 m2 1 tree) and not very suitable for cultivation in plots – 5 m.
The distance between planting trees and shrubs can be adjusted to the required spacing. In the plots, it is recommended to plant bush trees on dwarf rootstocks with a trunk height of up to 30 cm or low-growing trees with a trunk height of up to 60 cm. Tall trees higher than that are not allowed to be planted 100 cm. In turn, it is recommended to plant grafted apple trees on weakly growing vegetative rootstocks or with dwarfing inserts, and to use the asparagus system to lead them. Vegetables rising high, like for example.: sunflower, pole beans, should be situated at a distance of at least 2 m from the plot border.
When planting ornamental plants, the following distances from the boundaries of the plot are valid, for:
– vigorously growing ornamental shrubs, np.: jasmine, forsythia, lilaka – 2 m;
– poorly growing ornamental shrubs, e.g. bushy roses -1 m;
– low perennials – 0,5 m.
If there is a lawn on the plot, its area should not exceed 7% plot area, the plot of land with an area of 300 m2 may have a lawn the size of 20 m2, and the plot 500 m2 – do 35 m2. The recommended width of the rebate on the plot along the avenue is 1 m. It is advisable to adopt one concept of such a discount by the management board of POD, according to which every user of the plot should plant and cultivate certain species of ornamental plants.
The guidelines of the National Council of the PZD prohibit concreting too large areas of the plot. It is allowed to grow on the plot, and with the consent of the garden management, under certain conditions and in a limited number, only rabbits, chickens and bees. The permissible number of rabbits and chickens, valid in a given garden, is established by the management of the garden. It is recommended to keep rabbits and chickens in a separate part of the garden for this purpose. It is forbidden to release these animals outside the plot. In the event of damage caused by animals raised on the plot, their owner is materially responsible for them.
The user of the plot may have at most the plot 3 ule, to run such an apiary, it must obtain the consent of the management board and create conditions that do not endanger the neighbors. The National Council of the PZD issued special guidelines on bee breeding, which stipulate the conditions of individual breeding on a plot and a collective apiary in a separate part of the garden [32], In line with these guidelines, by setting up an apiary on an individual plot, it is necessary:
– obtaining the consent of the garden management,
– determining the location of the hives on the plot with the Circle or the Beekeepers' Section, and in the absence of such an organization, with garden management.
The hives should be set up in a dry place, partly sheltered from winds and partly shaded. The direction of the hives should be like this, that their outlets face east or south-east. From the side of the neighboring plot, the hive should be separated by a height shield 1,8 m.