The size and location of the backyard garden may vary, and the proximity to the place of residence facilitates cultivation and does not require building a gazebo – garden house, although for recreational purposes they can be openwork gazebos or pergolas. A plot of land next to single-family houses usually does not exceed the area 1000 m2, and often it only takes 200 m2. The basic parts of its permanent development, in addition to the apartment house, may be: garage and utility rooms and a utility area, which depending on the function, which it is to fulfill for the family living in the house, will be divided into sectors: decorative and relaxing, fruit and vegetable. Same considerations, which were taken into account when developing the plot in the employee's allotment garden, namely, dividing the garden into quarters, they should also occur when designing and developing a home plot.
The overall layout of the garden depends on its location in relation to the directions of the world. Therefore, the orchard part should be located in the north-west or north-east part of the plot, so that the trees shade as little as possible the part intended for the cultivation of vegetables and ornamental plants. First of all, apple trees should be planted, which are of great food value and are the best in our climatic conditions. If there is a basement under the house, then, in addition to summer and autumn varieties, winter varieties of apple trees should be planted, whose fruits can be stored until spring, and even with some adaptation of such a basement for their storage – to summer. Apple trees should be planted on a semi-dwarf rootstock M 7 the MM 106, and in good soil – on a dwarf rootstock M 26, and even on dwarfing inserts. Such trees quickly begin bearing fruit, they take up less space and make beauty treatments much easier. In addition to apple trees, they should be in the garden: pear trees, plum trees, cherries, peaches and apricots. However, walnut and cherry, due to the large volume of the crown, can be planted on a larger plot, and rather in such a place, so as to shade other trees as little as possible.
The spacing for planting fruit trees depends on their species, varieties, and for apple and pear trees also from the rootstock. Because it is difficult to use separate spacings for each species on the plot, enough apple trees, pear trees, plum trees, Plant cherries and peaches at a distance 4,5-3,5 m. Whereas for the walnut, cherries and apricots, the spacing must be greater.
Fruit bushes, how: gooseberry, currants, raspberries are planted outside the reach of tree crowns, so that, if necessary, spraying them with chemicals to combat diseases and pests, do not spray the bushes with fruits ripening at the same time. Otherwise, fruits ripening in a sunny place, not shaded, have greater taste and nutritional value. Fruit bushes are planted at the following spacing: black currants – 180X120 cm, red currants, white and gooseberries -150X100 cm, raspberries – 120X40 cm. Strawberries and wild strawberries are planted in the vegetable part.
In the orchard part of the garden, if you want to avoid conflicts with your neighbors, the following distances from the boundaries of the plot should be kept: for apple and pear trees on vigorous rootstocks and for plums, apricots and hazel – 3 m, for apple and pear trees on low-growing rootstocks, and for peaches and cherries – 2 m, for fruit shrubs -1 m.
The vegetable part of the plot should be planned on the south side, because almost all vegetables require good sunlight. The size of the vegetable part depends on the family's need for vegetables. It is accepted, that this figure should be approx 100 m2 na 1 person, which is practically unattainable in the home garden. Keeping a certain proportion, can be used for growing vegetables from 100 do 250 m2.
The task of the decorative and recreational part should be to enable a pleasant rest, providing aesthetic impressions for the eyes and a nice setting for the house and the entire property. This part should consist of flower beds, flower beds and clusters of perennials and ornamental shrubs. Selection of species and varieties of annual ornamental plants, two-year-olds, decorative perennials and shrubs should ensure their flowering from early spring to late autumn. Introducing a large number of perennials and flowering shrubs should result in a color play that is pleasing to the eye. In this part, pergolas and trusses may be built to support climbing plants. It is also worth setting up a lawn for recreational and ornamental purposes.
In the drawing 4 shows the design of the decorative and leisure part of the home garden developed by prof. Dr. Alfons Zielonko [33]. In this garden, the entrance from the street is paved with concrete slabs. On the right and left side of the entrance there is a lawn with individual perennials. Perennial flower beds are located in front of the windows. The whole front creates a kind of chamber surrounded by a non-formed hedge. From here you can see the bird water bottle. Creeping plants are planted at the crossing of the tiled path. Along the road leading to the yard there is a hedge with trees. The actual garden is situated at the rear of the building equipped with a veranda. The garden is surrounded by an openwork wall, covered with climbing roses. The courtyard and the road are paved with tiles. There are three perennial beds inside the garden. There is a lawn to the right of these rebates, on which there are standard and large-flowered roses along the periphery. On the veranda side of the lawn there is a cluster of rhododendrons. Right in front of the windows in the courtyard there is a sandbox for children. The garden is equipped with a gazebo, where the paddling pool is located. Next to the gazebo there is a large lawn surrounded by shrubs and groups of perennials. At the entrance to the utility garden, there is a separate space for drying linen and for shaking pavements and covers.
In the drawing 5 the design of a backyard garden is shown, more utilized. The entrance from the street leads to the apartment house and the separate utility building. Two ornamental shrubs are planted (they can be lilacs or jasmine) next to these buildings, they constitute a gateway to the garden and its decorative and recreational part, which is accessed by the second exit from the apartment house. From the neighboring property, on the left side, a row of fruit bushes grows, on the right there is an orchard part. The decorative and sitting area is separated from the rest of the garden by a row of fruit trees (apple or pear trees). The vegetable garden is relatively small.