Rose - Rosa
Almost the most desirable flowers, especially from fall to spring there are roses. These varieties are best suited for growing under glass, which tolerate greenhouse conditions well, they easily fall into a state of rest and are easily stimulated to growth, they grow well and bloom profusely and are resistant to diseases and pests.
The selection of varieties for cultivation under glass is determined every few years and covers the past 20 varieties with white colored flowers, yellow salmon and red. Of the varieties with white flowers, they are currently grown on a larger scale ,,Virgo” i „White Swan”, about yellow flowers - "Geheimrat Duisberg", about salmon flowers with a shade of orange - "Bettina", orange-salmon - "Katherine Pechtold", dark orange - "Super Star", pink-red-red - "Ballet", red - "Better Times", dark red - "New Yorker", cynobrowoczerwonych — „Baccara”, red-salmon - "Montezuma".
Growing in the first year
In Poland, grafted roses are grown in greenhouses (which will be) on the rose stigma (canine rose) or its types.
Roses require a lot of air, that's why hale, in which they are to be grown, they should be 4-6 m high and 10-15 m wide.
Preparation of the soil. Roses grow well in loamy-sandy-clean soil, rich in nutrients, with regulated water conditions and neutral reaction (pH 6,5—7,5). A month before planting, the soil should be cultivated to a depth 60 (adjuster) cm and abundantly fertilized. It is preferable to use 1.5-2 m3 of manure per 100 m2. Often, especially if the greenhouse has previously been cultivated with gilding or other plants, the beds are filled with specially prepared soil or with horticultural peat neutralized to pH 7, with the added basic dose of fertilizers.
Planting. The most suitable period for planting roses in a greenhouse is October and early November. We plant them in wide beds 1,2 m, elevated 30-40 cm above the level of the passages, which should be 40-45 cm wide. Mark out the beds parallel to the longer side of the greenhouse, and their edges are reinforced with concrete slabs 45-60 cm wide to 1/3 sunk into the ground.
Before planting, prune the rose bushes according to the same rules as the roses in the ground. We usually use a spacing 30 X 35 cm. A spade is used to dig holes 30-35 cm deep, and there are mounds at their bottom. Be careful when planting, so that the roots are not twisted, but placed straight on a mound at the bottom of the hole, and so that the earth is well compacted, and the place of budding was flush with the earth's surface.
After planting, water the roses once, but abundantly and we dig. Until the end of December, we try to keep the temperature between 2 and 5 °, that the bushes take root well, and the shoots did not break out too early. During severe frosts, we heat the greenhouse, so that the temperature does not drop below 0 °. We water the bushes very rarely, only then, when the earth dries up to the depth 20 cm.
Stimulation of the first spring flowering. Water the roses abundantly at the beginning of January or later, that by introducing water into the deeper layers of the earth, he would stimulate them to growth. Temperature, which so far we have kept within the range of 2-5 °, we gradually increase it by 2-3 ° every 3-4 days, up to 12 °. When the shoots begin to break out, we set it at 15 ° at night, and during the day at 18 °. On sunny days, sprinkle the bushes with water until the moment, when the breaking shoots reach a length of 4-6 cm. Later, if the air is too dry, we only spray the passages and walls. We pay close attention to airing greenhouses, in order to prevent the development of diseases. We also believe, that there are no large fluctuations in temperature between night and day, which cause the leaves to fall rapidly. When the sun is quite hot during the day and the temperature rises considerably, we must be carefull, so that it does not fall below 15 ° at night. If it is not possible to heat the greenhouse at night, We close the vents as early as possible in the afternoon, to prevent the temperature from falling, or - on the contrary, in the event of high humidity in the greenhouse, we leave the vents open overnight, that the water vapor does not condense. However, it is best to heat the greenhouse at night and leave the vents open.
So that the bushes can properly strengthen, first flowering is not allowed. When the flower buds reach the size of a pea, pinch the shoots over the second or third well-formed leaf, counting from the branching point of the shoot, and remove all weak shoots. At the same time, we feed the roses with well-rotted manure (about 1 m3 na 100 m2) and dig it shallowly. If the manure is fresh, and the temperature in the greenhouse is more than 20 °, we don't line up all the beds at once, as the ammonia vapors from the fertilizer could destroy the leaves. For every 100 We also scatter the m2 of bedding 2 kg of the following mixture: 4,5 kg of ammonium sulfate, 2,0 kg superphosphate i 1 kg of potassium sulfate. After sprinkling the fertilizers, move the soil.
We fertilize the roses grown in peat with the following mixture: 64 dkg of ammonium sulphate, 51 dkg superphosphate i 40 dkg of potassium sulfate per 100 plants.
After 4-5 weeks from pinching the shoots, the roses will develop new buds, which will develop in April and give the first harvest of flowers.