Production of planting material; nursery of roses
Requirement of soil and fertilization of roses. Fertile soil is best suited for the nursery of roses, permeable, moderately moist in high garden culture. In addition to the listed characteristics, the soil should be properly cultivated, due to the relatively deep root system of the wild rose rootstocks, which is almost universally used in the production of noble roses. It is also important for these reasons, that the groundwater level is not higher than 1 m from the soil surface, otherwise large losses can be expected during the winter.
In terms of the exhibition, a slight southwestern slope is the most appropriate.
The accommodation intended for the rose nursery must be free from soil pests (wireworms, grubs, nornice, turkucie) and permanent weeds like couch grass, rdest, horsetail et al.
In autumn, fertilize them with manure in the amount of 400-600 q / ha, plow and leave the soil in the sharp furrow. In the spring, after fiberising, the soil is fed with a mixture of mineral fertilizers consisting of 3 to 4 g of ammonium sulphate, 4 q 40% potassium salt or, better, potassium sulphate, and 3-5 q superphosphate. The fertilizers should be mixed well with a rotary tiller or cultivated several times.
Receiving shims. Noble roses are most often obtained by budding, less often grafting or seeding. R is most often used as a rootstock for roses. canina or selected types of it. In some cases, seedlings of R.. multiflora, R. rubiginosa and others or the vegetatively propagated R.. hands (for grafting noble roses). Choosing the right rootstock for roses is extremely important. In Poland, this issue has not been fully resolved so far. In general, each of the producers or nurserymen purchases seeds for rootstocks from the most common shrubs found in the area. canine. Several types of this genre are in use abroad. You can count among the best: R. c. unarmed, R. c. polmeriana, R. c. Schmid's Ideal, R. c. Senffs.
The seeds of roses for rootstocks should be harvested before the pericarp turns completely red. Then we pour the fruit into small piles and mix it several times, to speed up the rotting of the pericarp, then rub into a pulp on appropriate sieves, wash with water to separate the seeds from the remains of the pericarp. You can also - without waiting for the pericarp to rot - "grind" them on a large meat grinder and wash the resulting mass with water. This method has recently been used quite widely by manufacturers of rose rootstocks. The seeds prepared in this way are immediately mixed with sand (or peat and sand) of adequate humidity in order to undergo a stratification process. Stratification of the stem rose at an appropriate temperature (+5°) lasts an average of one year.
After stratification, the seeds are sown either in late fall, or in March - at the beginning of April, on the seedbed or to the inspection, in projections or rows in an amount of approx 200 g na 1 m2. WITH 1 kg of pineapple seeds can be obtained about 6-10 thousand. seedlings.
For a longer root neck, facilitating ophthalmization, cover the seeds with a slightly thicker layer of soil, most often thicknesses of approx 2 cm. The seeds usually germinate in late April - May. As soon as 2-3 leaves are formed, quilting is started on the beds, most often at a distance of 15-20 X 3-5 cm. On this occasion, let's make a cut 1/3 the length of the roots, to cause the development of a rich root system.
The plants should be shaded immediately after quilting in strong sunlight. Normal beauty treatments should be used throughout the summer. Sometimes it is recommended to charge with calcium nitrate once or twice (one-time dose 1 kg/ar). It is necessary to use prophylactic sprays against powdery mildew.
In autumn, we dig up the seedlings and sort them. All washers with a root neck diameter greater than 3 mm is intended for budding, the remaining, as well as with a "pipe" root collar are discarded. The first choice includes rootstocks with a diameter of the root collar from 8-12 mm to the second one with a diameter of 5-8 mm, and to the third 3–5 mm. Sorted wild boars are tied into bunches, shoots are shortened to a length of 15-20 cm, and the roots up to 12-15 cm and pits in ditches 20-30 cm deep, in rows at 20 cm intervals. In severe frosts, the rootstocks should be protected with mats or leaves.
The seedlings intended for budding are planted in the plots in the spring, using a spacing appropriate to the cultivation method, usually 60—80 X 15—20 cm. To facilitate the inoculation of the wild boar’ we plant a little higher than they grew in the nursery, and using a hoe or a ridger, scoop some soil on the root neck to cover them until budding.
Kwatery, on which the wild boars for budding were planted, must be cultivated with extreme care, because the quality of the commercial material obtained depends to a large extent on this. If the 2nd and 4th choice plants were used for the rootstocks, sometimes they need to be funded in mid-June, giving top dressing of calcium ammonium nitrate or calcium ammonium nitrate in the amount of 1-1.5 kg / are.