A FAMILY GARDEN
When considering the way of developing an area intended for a garden, we should take into account its three basic goals:
a) utility,
b) aesthetics,
c) satisfying the personal interests of the family, whose garden is to serve.
The usefulness of an area developed mainly as a garden may be manifold. Basic functions, what it can fulfill, rely on:
a) obtaining horticultural crops for consumption;
b) creation of a green area, improving the living conditions of the inhabitants of cities and estates;
c) creating a place for recreation.
Deciding about the garden, depending on whether it will be a plot in the employee's allotment garden, or a home garden or a plot for various purposes as arable land, orders to take into account the so-called. nutrition standard, recommended by nutritionists. For example, Kazimiera Pyszkowska [16], giving the amount of fruit and vegetables in the food ration, defined as "sufficient – moderate cost”, proposes for a family of 4 the amounts shown in the table 1.
They should be taken into account when planning your own garden cultivation, using the yield index, what can i get from 1 m2 of cultivated land.
The backyard, as a green area, affects the microclimate and the environment, in which we live or stay on an ad hoc basis. In particular, it is an influence on the composition of the air, because, as we know, the essential vital function of the plant is to absorb carbon dioxide (C02) from the environment, which largely reduces the excess of this gas in the air, which at a concentration above 0,07% it is harmful to humans. In addition, greenery lowers the temperature above the crops, thanks to which air movements arise, the so-called. upstream currents, which move polluted air to the upper layers, where it is dissipated by stronger headwinds. In this way, there is a constant flow of clean air.
Plants evaporate excess water during growth, causing an increase in air humidity. So they are like humidity regulators: they dry the ground and moisturize the air (in the forest the humidity is higher by 16-36% than in the city greenery).
The greenery is also a shield against the sun's rays. Another very important role of greenery is its participation in the fight against dust and gas pollution, which as industrialization becomes a growing problem.
Green is also a noise protection cover, which is important in cities, where, due to the development of the automotive industry, it is getting louder and louder on the streets. There is one more element in favor of the estate greenery – namely, it constitutes the first barrier against fires as a shield against the spread of fire. By greening the area around the house, we also raise its aesthetics.
Green also plays a direct role in human life by influencing the respiratory function, nervous and mental state and a stimulant to order and cleanliness. Practice shows, that who is involved in the cultivation of plants, this one takes over such advantages almost instinctively, how: regularity, punctuality, diligence, solidity, honesty etc.. A well-kept green naturally forces things to order.
The plant world has always been an ally of man. From the earliest times, plants have served humans for nourishing and satisfying their various needs, especially for aesthetic purposes. In the presence of plants, man instinctively feels calm, silence, the soothing influence of the atmosphere of the plant world, relaxation from everyday hardships and troubles.
Nothing unusual, that today there is more and more interest in plots and the construction of single-family houses with their own backyard gardens. Each family using a plot or garden, tries to make the best of it, especially since the existing norms in this regard limit its area to a great extent, as a result, it cannot fulfill all the objectives already mentioned. So we should stop at the most important ones.