OCULATION OF WASHERS – Under the conditions of our climate, rootstocks may be inoculated from mid-July to the end of August.
Period is the most appropriate budding date, in which the pulp exhibits intense activity.
The condition for starting budding in this period is to have scions with a sufficient degree of development, having well-developed leaf buds.
Slips for inoculation should be purchased and collected only from specially established mother orchards (headlands). The only exception is cherry slips, which due to the early formation of flower buds can be done in a limited amount (to approx 80%) be collected from annual maiden trees growing in a nursery, and obtained from meshes collected in the previous year from negative plantations. The remaining 20% Nurseries that produce cherry trees are obliged to collect scions from mother orchards.
The first rootstocks of bird cherry are inoculated first, then pears and apple trees, and in the end I am sorry and I am antiqued. However, the inoculation of the antipyrets and algae should not be delayed too much, because the optimal date of this procedure in Polish conditions is between 1 a 20 of August. The exact budding plan for individual varieties most often results from the concluded cultivation contracts for the supply of nursery material.
Before starting budding, the nursery should be cleared of weeds, root necks exposed, and the washers truncated. Immediately before inoculation, the bark of the rootstocks is wiped in place with a dry cloth, in which the ophthalmic disc will be placed.
Inoculation consists in placing a pad at the height under the appropriately cut bark 5-10 cm from the ground of the budding disc, that is, a thin layer of bark and wood removed from the scion, on which there is a leaf bud. Dwarf rootstocks of apple and bird cherries are usually inoculated higher, On the height 15-20 cm from the ground. The most frequently used method of budding is cutting T-shaped washers”. Inoculation is performed with a special knife called an ophthalmologist. First, a horizontal cut is made, then vertical from bottom to top, up to the line of the transverse score. After cutting the bark, the graft bends both edges with a knife or knife back to make room for the ophthalmic disc. Then the budding disc is cut off together with the vegetative bud. The cut-off disc is initially inserted with the fingers, and then with the heel or ankle of the gullet for the slightly raised cortex of the pad. The remaining part of the disc above the transverse cut is cut off with a knife. After inserting the shield, press the cortex with your fingers on both sides of the longitudinal incision. The second worker was provided with a bundle of raffia or foil strips, approx 30 cm ties the bark at the site of the shield. While setting, avoid the bud and petiole. Tying is completed by drawing the raffia above the transverse or longitudinal cut of the pad. Apart from raffia, other ligaments such as: rubber patches, polyethylene film strips or rubber strips. The advantage of these ligaments is flexibility and extensibility, thanks to which they do not cut into the bark of the rootstocks. Thanks to foil wrapping, especially stone tree rootstocks, is usually obtained by approx 10% better budding results. Before the onset of winter, however, the foil should be removed from the washers, in winter because the eyes under the foil swell faster and can freeze faster.
In addition to the commonly used T-shaped budding, abroad, more and more often it is used as a starter, and also by incising the cortex in the shape of an inverted T.
For increasing the efficiency of nursery material, especially stone trees (60-80%), double inoculation is now recommended.
The second eyelet is put on all the washers (regardless of the catching of the first stitch) after approx 10 days from the date of the first budding. By creating a second eyelet, the yield of cherry trees increases by an average of 20%.
The efficiency of work with the budding of rootstocks depends on the preparation of the nursery, the quality of the rootstocks and the skills of the employee. After a few days of budding, a skilled worker puts on it daily 1000 do 2000 mesh. Binding the shields is a more time-consuming procedure. One employee may tie approx 1000 washers. The mesh acceptance in conditions of intense pulp activity is generally very good. The meshes of pome tree varieties take on approx 95%, and stone pits weaker, within 60-90%.
POOCULATION TREATMENTS
In nurseries, in which the midge is present, the budding mimic should be sprayed with the liquid insect every day immediately after the completion of inoculation. 50 (0,15%) or liquid Foschlor 50 (0,2%).
After approx 14 days for pome and after 21 days for stone from the date of commencement of budding, the acceptance of the eyelet should be checked. The discs are firm and the petiole comes off easily when lightly pressed. Pads, on which the stitches did not catch on, should be inoculated again. When checking the results of budding, we pay attention to bonding. Raffia cutting into the bark and the inoculating disc should be cut or re-tied.