Production of vegetative rootstocks by herbaceous cuttings

Production of vegetative rootstocks based on propagation by herbaceous cuttings.
Herb seedlings are prepared from this year's shoots cut from mother trees planted especially for this purpose. Mother trees for seedling are usually planted at a distance 3,0 x 0,5 m and leads in the form of a strongly cut line every year.
The best quality seedlings are obtained from moderately growing shoots, well lit and free from diseases and pests.
Length shoots are cut for cuttings 15-60 cm, from mid-June to mid-July. The length of the seedling should be approx 15 cm. They are made both from the lower and middle parts as well as from the apex. The lowest-set leaves are removed from each seedling to a height of approx 5 cm. Large leaf blades are recommended to be halved. The seedlings prepared in this way are treated with one of the substances of the growth regulator type: beta-indolylbutyric acid (IBA) in a concentration from 2500 do 4500 mg / l or alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (THE) in a concentration from 1500 do 3000 mg/l lub kwas beta-indolilooctowy (IAA) in a concentration from 3000 do 6000 mg/l. Quite often, growth substances are used in practice in the form of powders, such as Seradix. Vitamins also have a beneficial effect on the rooting of cuttings. The cuttings are dipped with the lower ends in the prepared solutions to a depth 1-2 mm per period 5 seconds. After light drying (few minutes) seedlings are planted in a previously prepared substrate 4-7 cm in a row; rows determine what 8-10 cm. The substrate around the seedlings should be thoroughly compacted and sprinkled with plenty of water.
For rooting cuttings, a mixture of peat with coarse gravel is prepared in a volume ratio 1:1 or a mixture of peat with perlite also in the ratio 1:1. In order to maintain high health, it is recommended to disinfect the substrate thermally.
Herb cuttings can be rooted in a substrate prepared on the tables in the greenhouse, in the inspection or directly in the ground under the foil tunnel. The area intended for rooting herbaceous cuttings should be elevated and well drained, so that excess water can be drained away easily.
Herbaceous cuttings take root well in conditions of high substrate and air humidity, which is most easily maintained by installing an automatic sprinkler.
The temperature of the substrate is an important factor, which for more difficult rooting cuttings should range from 18 do 23°C. It is easiest to maintain the specified substrate temperature by means of an electric heating cable with a thermostat.
In the period of rooting cuttings, regular treatments should be performed, once or twice a week, spraying with fungicides like: Captain (0,3%), Syllit lub Dodinox (0,15%),Topsin M (0,1%). Spray should be before evening, after turning off the fogging device overnight. Fallen or infected leaves must be systematically removed. Foliar fertilization has a positive effect on the rooting of herbaceous cuttings (weekly), usually used from the third or fourth week after planting the seedlings. The preparation "Wuxal” or the preparation Florovit- domestic production.
Herb seedlings, depending on the species, take root after 8-16 weeks. In mid-October, the rooted cuttings are taken out of the substrate, and then, after sorting, it is buried in the ground and covered with a thick layer of dry peat.
Rooted cuttings can be planted in the nursery in fall or early spring. However, autumn seedlings must be protected against frost for the winter, covering them with peat. If the soil was very well prepared, cuttings of some species, such as sweet cherries F 12/1, antipki or Brompton plums, already in the first year of cultivation in the nursery, they are suitable for budding.