In our climate, the shoots covered with earth take root in the fall. Rooted shoots can be removed from the mother plants this fall or only in the spring of the following year. Late-autumn removal of washers is more justified due to the possibility of better protection against frost damage by deep pitting. After the fall subtraction, however, an additional treatment is necessary – covering bare carp with soil to protect them from freezing. In conditions of good work organization, the autumn subtraction of rootstock is increasingly used.
Before proceeding with the removal of the rootstock, the soil should be completely removed from the mother plants. The easiest way to do this is with a plow, clearing the soil on both sides of the mother plant row. The remaining soil between the plants is removed by hand.
The first subtraction of rooted shoots in newly established plantations should be done by cutting off the shoots with a pruner 2-3 millimeters above the root. In the following years, shoots of vigorously growing rootstocks and more productive clones, how: M 4, M 7, MM 106, MM 111 If a 2 can be cut off or torn off with a heel. On the other hand, subtraction of dwarf and inefficient washers, how m 9 or M 26 should be performed by cutting with pruning shears throughout the lifetime of the queen bed. The removal of the rootstock from the horizontal deposits is to cut vertically growing shoots from the horizontally bent ones. You can also use a secateurs to cut the last year's shoot between vertically growing and rooted shoots. Then the washers with a "hammer" are obtained”, which at the root will always have part of the two-year shoot.
This subtraction method is especially recommended for stone rootstocks. When cutting shoots from the horizontal storage, always remember to leave one or two shoots growing closest to the mother plant.; these shoots are bent down in the year following shortening, using for horizontal dumps.
After cutting the rootstocks for several years, the carp of the mother plant grows quite strongly and sometimes becomes too tall. It is then difficult to sprinkle the growing shoots with soil, as a result, the rootstocks take root much less well. It is then necessary to rejuvenate – lowering the stump by cutting off the upper part rising above the ground. During 10 years of operation, the carp rejuvenation treatment should be performed twice.
Subtracted vegetative rootstocks are usually sorted into three choices, similar to the generative rootstocks. Rootstocks not grown up are intended for nursery.
The number and quality of the removable washers depends on many factors, and above all, the type of washer, the way it is reproduced, as well as soil fertility and fertilization, care level, age of the mother plant and weather conditions. Dwarf rootstocks, propagated by mating mother plants, are obtained on average 2-6 pieces, semi-dwarf rootstock and vigorous growth – 5-15 pieces. The share of rootstocks of the first choice, depending on the maple of the rootstock and its age, varies from 60 do 90% the received shims. The number of stone rootstocks is generally lower, and F 12/1 is on average 3-5 pieces, and for the Brompton plum 2-4 pieces.
The capacity of the rootstocks per unit area depends primarily on the spacing of mother plants, the type of rootstock and the method of its reproduction. With the previously used spacing and planting on the surface 1 ha approx 15 For thousands of mother plants, the following amounts of 1st choice rootstocks can be obtained:
washer thous. pieces
M 9 35-50
M 26 45-70
M 4 50-80
M 7 70-100
MM 106 60-80
MM 111 80-100
A 2 60-90
Pigwa MA 100-150