Beans
Beans are an annual plant grown for dry seed and for immature pods (asparagus varieties). It is a thermophilic plant (for good growth it should have a temperature of 16-21 ° C). The green bean pods have great nutritional value, they contain: protein in limits 1,8-2,8%, vitamin C., B1, B2, PP and calcium salts, phosphorus and iron. Yellow-brown varieties are more delicate in taste and richer in B vitamins, while green-brown ones contain more carotene (provitamins A) and vitamin C.. Beans do best in warm soils, carious, lighter, moderately humid. The period from sowing to harvesting of pods of early varieties is 60-70 days, late varieties, tic 120-130 days.
Due to their functional properties, beans are divided into green beans and beans for "dry grains"”. Due to the height of the plants, we divide them into dwarf beans and tic beans, which can be green- or yellow-brown.
Green beans are grown in 1-2 a year after the manure, beans for dry seed v 2-3 a year after the manure. Pre-sowing fertilization with calcium ammonium nitrate has a positive effect on plant growth 10-15 g/m2; also recommended 30-40 g of superphosphate and the same amount of potassium sulfate per 1 m2. For fertilization before sowing, multi-component garden fertilizers are also used, like Azofoska, in dose 20-40 g na 1 m2, or Mikro or MIS-3, in an amount 30-60 g/m2. Before sowing the beans, acidified soil should be brought to the appropriate pH, using calcium fertilizers under the forecrop in a dose of 1 do 1,5 kg in 10 m2.
Beans are sown into the ground after the spring chill has passed, tj. between 10 i 15 May. Green beans can be sown at 10-14 day intervals until the first days of July. Various deadlines allow the collection period of the pods to be extended. Ideally, the next sowing date should be after emergence of the earlier date. Beans can also be grown as an aftercrop for the fall harvest. Beans for dry semen are sown once.
There are two ways to sow beans: inline and socket. Nest sowing is more suitable in smaller areas; we make it with a hoe, putting what 20-30 cm po 2-3 seeds in rows distant from each other by 40-50 cm. Only in this way, the beans are sown at a distance of 50 x 60 cm. On sowing 1 m2 required 10-25 g nasion, depending on their size and spacing used. After 1 semen what 5-7 cm, the rows are the same, as in nesting. The sowing depth varies from 3 do 5 cm, depending on the compactness of the soil and seed size.
The care works consist in weeding, the soil should be loosened to a depth not exceeding 3-5 cm, so as not to damage the roots, which are widespread. After the bean has emerged, a pole is inserted at each nest 2,5-3 m. A practical way of staking out is shown in the picture.
Stake out beans: a) connecting the supports with a string or wire; b) connecting supports with poles
Green beans are harvested, when the pods are not yet fully grown; is accepted, that then, when the size of the seeds in the pod is equal to the size of the grown wheat grain. The pods are harvested as they mature, the pods should not be jerked, so as not to damage them. The yield of pods may be as high as 0,8-1 kg/m2.