CHEMICAL AGENTS USED IN PLANT PROTECTION
In allotment and home gardens, chemicals that are highly toxic or have a long waiting period should not be used, which was mentioned earlier. These include, among others: Bi 58 EC, Ekatin, Lebaycid, Metasystox, Melipax, Nemafos, Oleo-Wofatox, Phytosol, Thiodan i Tinox. Recommendations for plant protection in employee allotment gardens, developed by the National Council of the Polish Allotment Association (such recommendations are developed at 2 years) and approved by the Institute of Plant Protection in Poznań for use, contain a list of chemical preparations allowed for use in employee garden plots.
For multivorous pests, found on horticultural plants, they include the caterpillars of many species of butterflies and the larvae of various species of wasp hymen, the most common in our gardens, found on fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs, include caterpillars: Pre-primeval period (they hatch in April, after bud break; are yellow-green, not hairy, with three white stripes on the sides); arborvitae (they forage from April to the end of June, first on developing buds, then on the leaves of fruit and ornamental trees; they are not blue-gray, with two very distinct blue stripes on the sides and a blue head, a white stripe runs through the center of the back, and narrow red and yellow-brown stripes on the sides, the body is slightly hairy); Grater marks (they forage from May to July, by eating the leaves, and also biting large holes in fruit buds; they are ashen with a black head, with red warts and red-yellow and white longitudinal lines on the back and sides; there are four yellow or yellow-orange hair plumes on the abdominal segments); gypsy moth (they feed on apple leaves, plum trees and various deciduous trees from April to the end of June; they eat the leaf blade, starting from the shore; they are very hairy, black in the younger stages, in the older ones – brown-black, with three yellow stripes along the body; on the upper side of the first five segments there are 2 blue warts, and on the segments of the back of the body – Red); not shred hawthorn (they feed on apple trees, plums and hawthorns, sometimes on pears, apricots and sweet cherries, in the second half of summer and in the fall, and also in early spring, when flower buds are swelling; they feed on the buds or on them, completely eating the leaf buds and inflorescences, and as the leaves unfold, they eat them from the edges, sometimes leading to gulping; young caterpillars are light brown, adults are blue-gray with three black and two brown-orange stripes along the body); Rises to the Riser (caterpillar approx 12 mm is yellowish with two rows of black warts; they are especially dangerous to young trees); different species of rolls (should be around here 20 butterfly species, whose caterpillars feed on almost all parts of fruit trees: in flower and leaf buds, on fruit and bark, but mostly on the leaves; the most common ones are: gouge the mesh, cereal motley, turtle dove, red currant roll and blueberry roll); as well as the caterpillars of the hingers.
The dangerous pests of cruciferous plants include: caterpillars of cabbage and turnip white cabbage (the caterpillars of the cabbage beetle eat holes in the leaves, and with mass occurrence – they leave their skeletons naked; they are bluish green with numerous black spots, they grow up to 4 cm in length; rape caterpillars, unlike the previous ones, they forage one by one, nibbling into the heads of cabbage and cauliflower roses, they are intensely green, velvety, with three longitudinal, yellowish stripes on the back); caterpillars of the cabbage moth (they damage the medium early and late varieties of cruciferous vegetables; initially, tiny green caterpillars gnaw out irregular holes in the leaves, later they bite deep into the heads or roses of the cauliflower, contaminating the gnawed pavements with faeces; inside the head there are caterpillars approx 5 cm with a color from gray-green through brown to black; on the dorsal side of the body they have two yellowish stripes running longitudinally and one yellow, transverse stripes); caterpillars of the crucian mantis (which they make small, irregular holes in the leaves; caterpillars of the first generation forage in June, the second – at the end of July and August, and the third – in August and September; they are small, ok. 12 mm, light green).
The listed pests are combated with the help of bacterial preparations (Bactospeine, Dipel), harmless to humans and animals. When the occurrence is greater, the plants are sprayed with chemical preparations: Basudin 25 EC in concentrations 0,1%, gardona 24 EC in concentration 0,3% or Insadofos Pł. 50 in concentration 0,15%.