Greenhouse production. Gilding from pots with a diameter 9 cm are planted immediately in the greenhouse beds, in which they remain until flowering inclusive. Chrysanthemums grown in this way are usually planted at spacing 25 X 30 cm and leads to one shoot. Plants can also be planted in greenhouses fastened with inspection windows.
Pyrethrum requires rich soil and intensive fertilization. The natural soil in the greenhouse is fertilized with rotten manure or it decomposes 10 cm layer of a mixture consisting of 2 parts of compost land, 1 parts of the frame land, 1 parts of peat and % parts of sand. In the case of natural light soil, add 1 part of the clay. Because the chrysanthemums in the greenhouse grow very vigorously and produce long ones, not always sufficiently rigid shoots, they should be conducted at the stakes or (just like greenhouse tomatoes) on strings attached to a wire that runs high enough above each row of plants.
Two weeks after planting the plants, fertilization begins. Once a week, within 7 weeks, water the golden leaves with a solution of the following mixture: 10 dkg of ammonium sulphate, 6 dkg superphosphate, 3 dkg of potassium sulphate dissolved in 10 1 water. This amount should be enough for 100 plants. During the first fertilization - before watering - and the second time a month later, scatter in between 100 plants 5 dkg of magnesium sulfate i 10 dkg of iron sulfate.
Water the chrysanthemum abundantly and sprinkle it on warm and sunny days, but be careful, so that the leaves do not stay moist overnight. As soon as flowers begin to develop, only the soil is watered, lest the baskets rot. Also be careful, to prevent condensation from dripping off the roof.
The above cultivation method is the most recommendable. Gilding grown in this way is distinguished by healthy and well-developed flowers, because plants can be protected against excessive humidity in cold season and against many diseases and pests, which are often found in cultivation in open ground.
All-year-round cultivation of pyrethrum. In recent years, the year-round cultivation of large-flowered gilders has been carried out more and more often. It involves the production of flowering plants not only in autumn but also in other seasons. A separate production schedule should be developed for each group of varieties. This handbook will only briefly explain the essence of the issue.
Pyrethrums are short-day plants, i.e.. they set up and develop flower buds, when the day is short and amounts to 8-12 hours. On a longer day, the development of flower buds is delayed or not at all, and plants develop vegetatively. So shortening or lengthening the day allows you to induce flowering or just growth.
It takes time for the cuttings to take root until they reach the correct height 8;—10 weeks, depending on the variety's earliness. Plants, which have achieved 70 cm tall, you can make flower buds by shortening the day. For this purpose, we cover the gilding for an hour 18 do 7 black upholstered chests, dense fabric (e.g. drelichem), not transmitting light. The covers are removed, when the flowers begin to develop.
If we prepare seedlings in fall and winter, when the day is short, flower buds may appear on them. To force plants to vegetative development, they should be extended their day by lighting with fluorescent lamps, mercury or ordinary light bulbs for this time, so that the day is above 12 hours.
Field production. With this method of production, the gilding remains in the ground in the open during the summer. Heavy soils should be limed first (20—30 kg of calcium carbonate per ar). In the autumn, each soil is fertilized with manure in the amount of 5–6 q per hectare, and in the spring the fertilization is completed by scattering 4 kg of ammonium sulfate, 1 kg superphosphate i 3 kg of potassium salt of 40%. In addition, during the growing period, it is recommended to fertilize the plants with slurry once a week or send the beds with untreated manure..
Plants from pots with a diameter of 8-9 cm or those that were planted directly in boxes can be transplanted into frame boxes at the end of April or at the beginning of May, in spacing 12 X 12 cm. In June, the plants are transplanted into the ground by the middle of this month at the latest. They are more difficult to adopt when planted later, because in our conditions there is often a drought in the second half of June. For single shoots, the spacing is sufficient 30 X 35 cm, for multi-stem plants - depending on the growth strength of the variety - it must be 40 X 40 cm or more. When planting more densely, after every three rows, and in the case of less frequent two, it is recommended to keep a distance 60 cm, which will facilitate the care of plants and prevent them from breaking. In order to protect strongly growing varieties against breaking and bending the shoots, I should lead them at the stakes.
In rainless periods, we must water and sprinkle the gilding. They remain on the ground until mid-September, then plant them in 16-18 cm pots or with a lump of soil, take them to the greenhouse, in which we are sinking in the meadows. When transplanting, handle the root ball as carefully as possible, because severe damage to the roots negatively affects the quality of the flowers.
Selection of a bud. During the growing season, the pyrethrum produces several flower buds. The first bud, the so-called. spring or summer generally does not develop; if it starts to take shape at the end of May, at the beginning of June, it should be removed. The second that appears in turn is the first crown bud. When this bud is also removed, a second crown bud is produced, after squeezing it, the apical bud is formed, surrounded by a few buds, usually smaller. If the pyrethrum will be planted in the second half of April or in May, it will not develop a summer bud, only the crown buds and the tip bud, because the formation of individual types of buds depends on the length of the day. Choosing the right bud, from which to lead a given variety is of great importance. Overall you can say, that early varieties can be grown from the first crown bud, mid-early varieties - depending on the time of planting - from the first lab of the second crown bud, and late varieties from the second crown bud or from the tip bud. Leading gilding from the tip bud, only one well-developed one is left of a wreath of buds, and the rest are pinched.
Set of flowers. Then the gilded inflorescences are cut, when they are almost fully developed. Because they are brittle, must be carefully packed before transport. For this, a quarter of a paper is cut halfway through the center and the cut is made under the inflorescence. The corners of the sheet are bent and twisted over the inflorescence. The plants are then placed in boxes and sealed with paper rolls.