Reproduction by deposition
In the floriculture production, both earth deposits are used, as well as air dumps. These methods are used in the propagation of exceptionally valuable plants, when we have few mother plants.
Reproduction by dumps consists in bending strong shoots to the ground, peeling and sprinkling them with earth.
Such reproduction should be carried out in spring or in June-July, depending on the genre. The delay in rooting takes 6–8 months or a year; then it should be cut off from the mother plant and placed in a pot with a lump of soil. The most common way to reproduce rhododendrons is this way (rhododendrons), the sweetmeat, clematis, etc..
Air dumps are most often used in’ reproduction of thick plants, not very flexible shoots, which cannot be bent to the ground, like for example. dragon, fig trees (ficuses) or oleanders. For this purpose, a "bundle" of soil is placed on the shoot in the place of the wood, peat and moss, by wrapping it in foil, or places a sawn pot tied with wire or string and filled with soil and peat.
If necessary, the layering prepared in this way should be watered, and when they take root, these plant parts are cut off from the mother plant and planted separately. The best period for making laydowns is March.
Division of plants
The propagation of ornamental plants by dividing older specimens is used in spring or in the second half of summer and autumn. The plants resulting from the division are planted into a pot or soil and tended like rooted cuttings. The division of plants can be done by tearing or cutting open large older specimens.
Propagation by bulbs, bulwocebule, tubers, rhizomes and runners
Bulbs are shortened shoots consisting of conical stems called heels, on which fleshy scales are embedded - transformed leaves, containing spare substances. The heel ends with a tip bud, from which flowers or inflorescences grow. In the corners of the scales there are side buds.
Bulbs are propagated from adventitious bulbs, made by the mother onion or from bulbs formed on the shoots. Some onion rings, e.g. lily, you can also reproduce and by individual scales.
The most common bulbous plants are: tulips, hyacinths, lilies and daffodils. Bulbs of some plants (e.g. hyacinths) they do not develop new bulbs; then, to cause their production, the heel is cut to the scales or the heel of the onion is hollowed out, destroying the growth cone, what causes, that small adventitious bulbs will begin to form, which are planted in the inspectors in the first year. Commercial onions are then obtained after 3-4 years of cultivation.
Gladioli produce the so-called. bulwocebule. Usually, one mother tuber produces 2-4 adventitious tubers and a dozen to several hundred pea-sized tubers.. In the next season, the incoming tubers are grown in the same way as the previous ones. On the other hand, tubers are sown densely, a commercial material (i.e.. flower bulbs) it is obtained only after 2-3 years of cultivation.
Some ornamental plants, e.g. cyclamens and some begonias, they produce tubers. These are thickened hypocardial or shoot parts, which produce leaf and flower buds. Such plants can be propagated by dividing the tubers, taking care, so that there are donuts in each part, for without them new plants will not be formed. Currently, propagation by division of tubers is used very rarely.
Rhizomes are transformed subterranean shoots that are arranged horizontally. Each rhizome ends with an apex bud, which gives rise to an aboveground momentum, leaves and flowers. Roots sprout in the lower part. Reproduction by rhizomes consists in dividing them into sections, from which new plants grow. This is how the iris breeds (irysy), beadlets and lilies of the valley. Reproduction by dividing rhizomes can be done both in the spring, and in early autumn.
Rozłogi are thin shoots that creep on the ground, covered with leaves or scales. Young plants develop at the ends of the runners, which, after being subtracted from the mother plant, take root and give birth to new individuals (herbalist, ferns, rockery).