Mother plants of rootstocks

Mother plants of vegetative rootstocks remain in one place for a relatively long period, on average approx 10 years. A specific way of managing mother plants, of which, after the end of vegetation, all the shoots are often cut off each year, causes the loss of a significant amount of organic substances. Such a strong depletion of nutrients in plants increases the demand for nutrients in the following year and quickly leads to a reduction in soil fertility.. That is why the right choice of terrain and the constant enrichment of the soil with nutrients are so important.
Flat areas are most suitable for establishing plantations, about fertile soils, moderately concise, not very heavy, sufficiently moist. Plantations should not be established on heavy soils, easily crusted and clumping. The most correct soil preparation is ensured by the pre-cultivation of perennial plants, e.g. grasses and clovers, as well as legumes, rape or mustard seeds on manure at a dose of approx 50 t / ha. Before autumn plowing to a depth of approx 25-30 cm, potash and phosphorus fertilizers should be sown. Depending on the natural abundance of the soil, the doses of fertilizers in the pure component should be from 150 do 250 kg of potassium and from 80 do 150 kg phosphoru na 1 ha. If no manure was used under the forecrop, it should be used in an amount of approx 50 t / ha before deep plowing. After plowing and leveling the field, you can start planting mother plants.
The spacing of planting mother plants should be made dependent on the proposed method of their reproduction and the degree of mechanization of soil cultivation. Two methods of reproduction are used here: by vertical dumps (mounding) and horizontal. Pome rootstocks are usually propagated by vertical layering, and stone stones through the horizontal. Rootstocks intended for mother plants are obtained from existing plantations or purchased from outside. Mother plants intended for multiplication by vertical and horizontal lay-ups should be planted in rows distant from each other. 150 do 220 cm. The width of the inter-rows should depend on the width of the working equipment used for loosening the soil. The distances of the plants in the row should vary from 40 do 60 cm, and vertical – from 25 do 40 cm. Within the latter, it is recommended to plant what is recommended for mother plants to obtain dwarf rootstocks by vertical layering 25 cm, and semi-dwarf rootstocks and vigorously growing co 30-40 cm.
The mother plantation can be set up on two dates in the fall or very much
early spring. Practice shows, that plants planted in autumn take better off than in spring. Plants planted in autumn, however, require the roots to be protected against low temperatures by trampling and sprinkling with earth to a height of approx. 20 cm.
The tending work in the first year after establishing the plantation mainly concerns maintaining the soil free of weeds and ensuring good conditions for plant growth.. All the plants, planted both in fall and spring, it is recommended to trim in height 30-40 cm from the ground. The mounds heaped in autumn are cleared by planeting. Before this treatment, nitrogen fertilization is usually applied in an amount of approx 120 kg of pure ingredient per 1 ha. Before the onset of winter, the maternal is recommended to be ridged (cover with earth) in order to protect the root system against low temperatures.