Diseases and pests of seedlings

Apple seedlings, pear and bird cherries are strongly attacked by diseases and pests from the very beginning. Protection against these diseases must be carried out from the moment the first leaves appear.
To combat apple scab on Antonówka seedlings, the following preparations are recommended alternately: Suspension captan 50 in concentration 0,2%, Syllit 0,1 %, the Rubigan 0,03% i Saprol 0,1%. Effective protection is provided by exercising depending on the weather 8 do 12 spraying.
The following preparations are recommended for controlling powdery mildew on apple and pear seedlings: Extra sulfur in concentration 0,5-0,7%, Morestan 0,1%, and also Nimrod 25 EC in concentration 0,05% the Bayleton 5 WP 0,075% albo Rubigan 0,03%. We obtain effective protection against powdery mildew by spraying co 7-10 days during the period of intensive growth of seedlings, till the end of August; should be foreseen here 10-12 spraying during the growing season.
Control the small spots of bird cherry leaves with Syllit or Dodinox in a concentration 0,1 % starting at the end of May. We use the treatment every 10 days, 4-5 times. With a large amount of rainfall, the number of treatments should be increased to 6-7 times.
Sometimes aphids and other leaf-eating pests may appear on young seedlings. During the growing season, the aphids are controlled with the following preparations: Metasystox (i) forte 0,05%, Tinox 25 0,1%, Bi 58 EC 0,1%, Fekama dichlorfos 0,1%, and also Pirimor 50 DP 0,05-0,1% and Zolone 0,2%. Zolone is also effective against leaf-eating caterpillars.
We start digging out rootstocks in late autumn, after the first frosts, when some of the leaves fall off. The remaining leaves must be removed (most often it is done manually). The rootstocks are dug up manually or mechanically by cutting the roots and lifting the soil with a nursery plow. Workers remove the pads quite easily from the raised ground. Immediately after excavation, it is necessary to carefully protect the pads, especially their roots from drying out.
Depending on the work organization, the pads can be sorted in the field or transported to special rooms – sorting plant or underground plant. There, the washers are sorted into two selections (I i II).
The rootstocks meeting the requirements of the standard should have a straight stem and the root system properly developed without pipe-like curves at the root neck.
The shoots and roots should be healthy, not dried, with the appearance appropriate for a given species. After the sorting is completed and the washers are bundled into bunches 50 pieces, to each of them there should be two labels with permanent, identical inscription.