Supplementary vaccination of rootstocks is carried out in one of the following ways: by application, For the starter, for the bark (sheepskin coat), into the side slit, and even a wedge (triangle). Slips are placed low to the ground. Special knives called grafts are used for vaccination.
VACCINATION BY APPLICATION. It moves then, when the rootstock and the scion are of similar thickness. It consists in longitudinal and oblique trimming of the scion and rootstock and their careful connection with each other. The cut planes of the scion and rootstock should be long (about 3 cm) and smooth. In grafting in this way, the pulp of the rootstock and the scion usually touches the entire circumference, so that the components fuse easily and firmly. If the scion is thinner, enough, that its pulp only touches the pulp of the pad on one side.
This method of vaccination is most often used in the production of trees with inserts and guide grafting.
The two components joined together, after binding with raffia, are thoroughly smeared with garden ointment. Instead of raffia, strips of polyethylene film are also used for bonding. Lubrication of the vaccination site is then unnecessary. Vaccination on the snap is performed in a similar way.
VACCINATION IN SIDE SPAR. It is more and more often used in nurseries with supplementary grafting of rootstocks with unacceptable meshes. On the pad, about 5 cm above the ground, a side cut is made at an angle of 20-30 ° and to a depth of approx 15 mm. The scion is trimmed on both sides in the form of a wedge, also approx 15 mm. Then the pad is slightly bent in the opposite direction; as a result, a gap is created at the side of the incision, in which the trimmed scion is inserted. Need caution, so that when inserting the scion, especially on thicker pads, his pulp was in close contact with the pulp of the pad at least on one side. After placing the scion, the washer is cut with a pruner approx 1 cm above the vaccination site, and then the places of vaccination and the top of the scion are smeared with ointment.
VACCINATION FOR THE BARK, OR "KOŻUCHÓWKA”. It is a very easy way of vaccination, most often used when transplanting older trees, and in nurseries – rather on thick pads. It is usually performed on a period, when the bark comes off easily from the wood. The scion is cut lengthwise, similar to vaccination by application. The pad is cut horizontally, and then the bark is cut longitudinally over a length of approx 3,5 cm. After tilting the bark, a 3-eye scion is inserted, and then she is bound with raffia and covered with ointment. The fouling of the scions with the rootstock is slow in this method of grafting. Therefore, at a later stage it is necessary to tie the emerging shoots to the stakes placed next to them.
One main shoot should always be derived from the accepted scions – guide. Side shoots emerging from the remaining buds on the scion after reaching a length of approx 15 cm should be pinched over 3-4 a leaf. Further care for shoots grown from scions is similar to that of maiden trees.
The efficiency of work on grafting rootstocks depends on the method of grafting, the quality of the pads and the air temperature. After a few days of work, a skilled worker vaccinates and wraps off 250 do 450 washers. You need a second person to lubricate with the ointment.